The context of my work must be seen from a South African perspective, unless otherwise stated. Having lived and worked in this country for most my adult life, it goes without saying that my experiences and the cultural structures serve as a major influence in my perception of the physical world and the cerebral sphere of ideas.
When beginning the process, consider the guidelines offered by the institution to which you are submitting your proposal. Although a basic structure for this document exists, many institutes, schools, colleges and departments within the university's framework may have specific formats and requirements, which must be adhered to. According to UNISA's rules for Masters and Doctoral studies a proposal should consist of:
(a) Proposed title
(b) The research problem
One cannot carry out a coherent research project
unless one first identifies a research problem.
Perhaps where there is a gap in our
knowledge or understanding or where our existing
knowledge could be further refined and
demonstrated. This requires a thorough survey of the
relevant sources and literature. We can talk about the
research problem in terms of what questions: What
exactly is the research problem you have identified?
What questions are you going to be asking in the
process of investigating the problem? What
hypotheses are you going to be testing? What will be
the contribution of your research to the solution of the
problem?
(c) A brief literature survey indicating the sources and
literature relevant to your topic, in order to identify the
gaps and shortcomings that your dissertation/thesis
will address.
Context of the research problem
Because of the connectedness of knowledge, all
research problems can be situated against a
background of existing findings and understanding.
Without a clear understanding of this background, it is
of course impossible to identify the gaps in our
knowledge. You should therefore very briefly sketch
the present state of our knowledge of the context in
which your problem is embedded, mentioning the
sources that you have consulted so far that are
particularly relevant to your problem. Depending on
the nature of the problem you have identified, you
may be able to situate it not only within its academic
or research context, but also within a wider (e.g.
pedagogical, sociological, political) context. Part of
your task here is, then, to answer the why question:
Why is this particular problem important enough to be
researched?
(e) The method/theoretical framework
The crucial question here is How? How do you
propose to carry out your research so as to address
and solve your research problem, thereby generating
knowledge where previously there had been a gap or
a lack of refinement: At a further level of detail, the
following are possible questions: What kind of data
are you going to use? From what kind of theoretical
and analytical framework are you going to approach
the data?
(f) Outline
In about a page or so you should outline the structure
of your dissertation/thesis, indicating very briefly what
each chapter or section will cover. (This ‘hypothetical index’ is a necessary beginning, but it will probably
change more than once during the writing process.)
(g) Sources
You should provide full bibliographical references to
the sources you mentioned in (c), and also to any
other sources that you feel are very relevant to your
research.
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